Standard Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

Importancia y uso:

4.1 The application of direct air-rotary drilling to geoenvironmental exploration may involve sampling, coring, in situ or pore-fluid testing, installation of casing for subsequent drilling activities in unconsolidated or consolidated materials, and for installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices in unconsolidated and consolidated materials. Several advantages of using the direct air-rotary drilling method over other methods may include the ability to drill rather rapidly through consolidated materials and, in many instances, not require the introduction of drilling fluids to the borehole. Air-rotary drilling techniques are usually employed to advance drill hole when water-sensitive materials (that is, friable sandstones or collapsible soils) may preclude use of water-based rotary-drilling methods. Some disadvantages to air-rotary drilling may include poor borehole integrity in unconsolidated materials without using casing, and the potential for volitization of contaminants and air-borne dust.

Note 3: Direct-air rotary drilling uses pressured air for circulation of drill cuttings. In some instances, water or foam additives, or both, may be injected into the air stream to improve cuttings-lifting capacity and cuttings return. The use of air under high pressures may cause fracturing of the formation materials or extreme erosion of the borehole if drilling pressures and techniques are not carefully maintained and monitored. If borehole damage becomes apparent, consideration to other drilling method(s) should be given.

Note 4: The user may install a monitoring device within the same borehole in which sampling, in situ or pore-fluid testing, or coring was performed.

4.2 The subsurface water-quality monitoring devices that are addressed in this guide consist generally of a screened or porous intake and riser pipe(s) that are usually installed with a filter pack to enhance the longevity of the intake unit, and with isolation seals and a low-permeability backfill to deter the movement of fluids or infiltration of surface water between hydrologic units penetrated by the borehole (see Practice D5092). Inasmuch as a piezometer is primarily a device used for measuring subsurface hydraulic heads, the conversion of a piezometer to a water-quality monitoring device should be made only after consideration of the overall quality of the installation to include the quality of materials that will contact sampled water or gas.

Note 5: Both water-quality monitoring devices and piezometers should have adequate casing seals, annular isolation seals, and backfills to deter movement of contaminants between hydrologic units.

Subcomité:

D18.21

Referida por:

D5872_D5872M-18, D6598-19, D6286_D6286M-20, D6914_D6914M-16R24, D6001_D6001M-20, D1586_D1586M-18E01, D5299_D5299M-18, D5876_D5876M-17R24, D5092_D5092M-16R24, D6519_D6519M-23

Volúmen:

04.08

Número ICS:

73.100.30 (Equipment for drilling and mine excavation)

Palabras clave:

air-rotary drilling method; drilling; geoenvironmental exploration; groundwater; vadose zone;