Standard Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests

Importancia y uso:

4.1 The oxygen consumption principle, used for the measurements described here, is based on the observation that, generally, the net heat of combustion is directly related to the amount of oxygen required for combustion (1).7 Approximately 13.1 MJ of heat are released per 1 kg of oxygen consumed. Test specimens in the test are burned in ambient air conditions, while being subjected to a prescribed external heating source.

4.1.1 This technique is not appropriate for use on its own when the combustible fuel is an oxidizer or an explosive agent, which release oxygen. Further analysis is required in such cases (see Appendix X2).

4.2 The heat release is determined by the measurement of the oxygen consumption, as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the combustion product stream, in a full scale environment.

4.3 The primary measurements are oxygen concentration and exhaust gas flow rate. Additional measurements include the specimen ignitability, the smoke obscuration generated, the specimen mass loss rate, the effective heat of combustion and the yields of combustion products from the test specimen.

4.4 The oxygen consumption technique is used in different types of test methods. Intermediate scale (Test Method E1623, UL 1975) and full scale (Test Method D5424, Test Method D5537, Test Method E1537, Test Method E1590, Test Method E1822, ISO 9705-1, NFPA 265, NFPA 266, NFPA 267, NFPA 286, UL 1685) test methods, as well as unstandardized room scale experiments following Guide E603, using this technique involve a large instrumented exhaust hood, where oxygen concentration is measured, either standing alone or positioned outside a doorway. A large test specimen is placed either under the hood or inside the room. This practice is intended to address issues associated with equipment requiring a large instrumented hood and not stand-alone test apparatuses with small test specimens.

4.4.1 Small scale test methods using this technique, such as Test Methods D6113, E1354, E1474 and E1740, as well as ISO 5660-1 internationally, are based on a stand-alone apparatus, wherein a small specimen is tested within the equipment. A small-scale test using oxygen consumption calorimetry with a larger test specimen (than the above referenced test methods) and intended for low levels of heat release is Test Method E2965.

4.4.2 Another small scale heat release test method, Test Method E906/E906M, does not use the oxygen consumption technique.

4.4.3 Annex A1 contains the considerations needed for heat release measurements and Annex A2 contains the corresponding measurement equations as well as the equations for smoke and gas release measurements. These equations apply to Test Methods D5424, D5537, E1537, E1590, E1623, and E1822. See also Section 14.

4.5 Throughout this practice, test equipment is referenced to provide helpful guidance to test facilities. Substitution of equivalent, or better, test measuring devices is permissible.

Subcomité:

E05.21

Referida por:

E2574_E2574M-17R21, F3727-24, E3082-20, E0176-24, E2632_E2632M-20, D5425-23, F3214-23, F3214-23, D5537-23A, E0603-23, E2280-21, E1590-23, E2257-24, E1537-22

Volúmen:

04.07

Número ICS:

17.200.20 (Temperature-measuring instruments)

Palabras clave:

calorimetry; fire; full-scale test; heat release; oxygen consumption; smoke;