Standard Test Method for Hardness in Colored and Colorless Water

Importancia y uso:

5.1 Hardness salts in water, notably calcium and magnesium, are the primary cause of tube and pipe scaling, which frequently causes failures and loss of process efficiency due to clogging or loss of heat transfer, or both.

5.2 Hardness is caused by any polyvalent cations, but those other than Ca⁺² and Mg⁺² are seldom present in more than trace amounts. The term hardness was originally applied to water in which it was hard to wash; it referred to the soap-wasting properties of water. With most normal alkaline water, these soap-wasting properties are directly related to the calcium and magnesium content.

Subcomité:

D19.05

Volúmen:

11.01

Número ICS:

13.060.50 (Examination of water for chemical substances)

Palabras clave:

analysis; autotitrator; calcium carbonate hardness; hardness; optical sensor; titration; water;