Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

Importancia y uso:

4.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the needed information as simply as possible. This information may then be used to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177. Knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values (such as specification limits) or between data sources (different laboratories, instruments, etc.).

4.1.1 When a test method is applied to a large number of portions of a material that are as nearly alike as possible, the test results obtained will not all have the same value. A measure of the degree of agreement among these test results describes the precision of the test method for that material. Numerical measures of the variability between such test results provide inverse measures of the precision of the test method. Greater variability implies smaller (that is, poorer) precision and larger imprecision.

4.1.2 Precision is reported as a standard deviation, coefficient of variation (relative standard deviation), variance, or a precision limit (a data range indicating no statistically significant difference between test results).

4.1.3 This practice is designed only to estimate the precision of a test method. However, when accepted reference values are available for the property levels, the test result data obtained according to this practice may be used in estimating the bias of the test method. For a discussion of bias estimation and the relationships between precision, bias, and accuracy, see Practice E177.

4.2 The procedures presented in this practice consist of three basic steps: planning the interlaboratory study, guiding the testing phase of the study, and analyzing the test result data.

4.2.1 The planning phase includes forming the ILS task group, the study design, selection, and number of participating laboratories, selection of test materials, material certifications if applicable, and writing the ILS protocol. A well-developed test method is essential, so including a ruggedness test to determine control of test method conditions is highly recommended.

Note 1: In this practice, the term test method is used both for the actual measurement process and for the written description of the process, while the term protocol is used for the directions given to the laboratories for conducting the ILS.

4.2.2 The testing phase includes material preparation and distribution, liaison with the participating laboratories, and handling of test result data received from the laboratories.

4.2.3 The data analysis utilizes tabular, graphical, and statistical diagnostic tools for evaluating the consistency of the data so that unusual values may be detected and investigated, and also includes the calculation of the numerical measures of precision of the test method pertaining to repeatability and reproducibility.

4.3 The information in this practice is arranged as follows:

 

Section

Scope

1

Referenced Documents

2

Terminology

3

Significance and Use

4

Concepts of Test Method Precision

5

 

 

Planning the Interlaboratory Study (ILS)

Section

 ILS Membership

6

 Basic Design

7

 Test Method

8

 Laboratories

9

 Materials

10

 Number of Test Results per Material

11

 Protocol

12

 

 

Conducting the Testing Phase of the ILS

Section

 Pilot Run

13

 Full Scale Run

14

 

 

Calculation and Display of Statistics

Section

 Calculation of the Statistics

15

 Tabular and Graphical Display of Statistics

16

 

 

Data Consistency

Section

 Flagging Inconsistent Results

17

 Investigation

18

 Task Group Actions

19

 Glucose ILS Consistency

20

 

 

Precision Statement Information

Section

 Repeatability and Reproducibility

21

 

 

 

Section

Keywords

22

 

 

Tables

Table

 Glucose in Serum Example

1–4, 6–8

 Critical Values of Consistency Statistics, h and k

5

 

 

Figures

Figure

 Glucose in Serum Example

1–3

 

 

Annexes

Annex

 Theoretical Considerations

Annex A1

 Calculation of the ILS Statistics for Unbalanced Data Sets

Annex A2

 

 

Appendixes

Appendix

 Spreadsheet for E691 Calculations

Appendix X1

Subcomité:

E11.20

Referida por:

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Volúmen:

14.01

Número ICS:

19.020 (Test conditions and procedures in general)

Palabras clave:

precision; repeatability; reproducibility; repeatability limit; reproducibility limit;