Standard Guide for Preparation of Plastics and Polymeric Specimens for Microstructural Examination

Importancia y uso:

4.1 One of the fundamental objectives of microstructural examination of manufactured materials, especially plastics and polymers, is to gain a more complete understanding of the relationships between the manufacturing processes, the microstructure and texture of the material, and the product's performance (that is, physical, optical, or mechanical properties, or combination thereof). Under nearly all conditions, the proper selection and preparation of the specimen are of major importance.

4.2 Because of the wide range of available equipment; physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of materials; and the personal element, specimen preparation is an art based upon scientific principles. However, like metallographic specimen preparation, certain methods, practices, and procedures can be used to routinely produce acceptable quality plastic and polymeric specimens for microstructural examination. Acceptable quality means:

4.2.1 The observed microstructure is free of thermal, mechanical, and chemical alterations, artifacts, damage, or defects resulting from the specimen preparation process.

4.2.2 A surface finish appropriate for the microscopical techniques to be used.

4.2.3 The microstructure is reproducibly displayed for a given specimen.

4.3 The mounting, sectioning, grinding, and polishing procedures in this guide may introduce thermal, mechanical, and chemical stresses on the material being prepared for microstructural examination. Thus, knowledge of the material's physical, mechanical, and chemical properties is of importance in selecting the most appropriate technique(s) to reveal its true microstructure and to minimize the total number of steps needed to produce high quality polished specimens.

4.4 The general guidelines presented below will need to be modified for each type of plastic or polymer to be prepared. Table X1.1 presents general procedures for preparing plastics and polymers. Tables X1.2-X1.5 present procedures for preparing four polymers with very different mechanical properties.

Subcomité:

E04.01

Referida por:

D5477-18

Volúmen:

03.01

Número ICS:

83.140.99 (Other rubber and plastic products)

Palabras clave:

grinding; microstructure; mounting; plastics; polishing; polymers; specimen preparation;